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Abstract

ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Morowali, Sulawesi Tengah, mengalami transformasi ekonomi paling spektakuler dalam sejarah pembangunan daerah Indonesia. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) meningkat lebih dari 44 kali lipat dalam kurun 2011–2025, didorong oleh Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) sebagai pusat pengolahan nikel terbesar di Indonesia. Namun di balik ledakan ekonomi ini tersembunyi paradoks pembangunan yang mendasar: kapasitas fiskal pemerintah daerah justru mengalami kemunduran relatif yang signifikan. Rasio pendapatan daerah terhadap PDRB turun dari 14,93 persen (2011) menjadi 1,35 persen (2025), sementara rasio belanja daerah terhadap PDRB menurun dari 13,85 persen menjadi 1,80 persen pada periode yang sama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Embedded Fiscal Governance Case Study yang mengintegrasikan analisis data longitudinal (2011–2025) dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara mendalam. Temuan utama mengidentifikasi fenomena Fiscal Effort Collapse—kondisi di mana pertumbuhan ekonomi berlangsung jauh melampaui kemampuan sistem fiskal daerah dalam menangkap nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan—yang beroperasi melalui tiga mekanisme: revenue lag, spending lag, dan relative state shrinking. Kegagalan fiskal ini kemudian melahirkan Development Capacity Gap, yaitu kesenjangan yang semakin melebar antara kebutuhan pembangunan akibat industrialisasi dengan kemampuan pemerintah daerah untuk memenuhinya. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada sintesis literatur growth pole, fiscal federalism, dan resource-based development, sekaligus mengajukan proposisi bahwa keberhasilan industrialisasi harus dievaluasi tidak hanya dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, tetapi juga dari kemampuan institusi publik dalam mengelola konsekuensi pembangunannya.
Kata Kunci: fiskal daerah; industrialisasi nikel; hilirisasi mineral; fiscal effort collapse; development capacity gap; paradoks sumber daya alam

Keywords

fiskal daerah industrialisasi nikel hilirisasi mineral fiscal effort collapse development capacity gap paradoks sumber daya alam

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright © Bappenas Working Papers

How to Cite
Muhyiddin Muhyiddin, Achmanto Mendatu, Muhammad Dio Rhiza Amrizal, & Rozikin, I. S. (2026). Paradoks Morowali: Ketika Kabupaten Terkaya Indonesia Menghadapi Keterbatasan Kapasitas Fiskal. Bappenas Working Papers, 9(3), 191 - 205. https://doi.org/10.47266/bwp.v9i3.607

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